Dealing with dates, times and durations

this article requires javascript knowledge dates and times servicely comes with an object called datetime there is one static instance of this object that can be used to access contants (see below) a new datetime object can be created by using this construct var d = datetime(); datetime comes with many modifiers that can be chained because they all return the same datetime object this makes the initialisation of a new object quite easy because we can put that kind of constructs together var d = datetime() withdate(1997, 7, 26) withtimeatstartofday() withlang('fr') withzone('europe/brussels'); datetime also comes with many very useful functions to manipulate and display dates and times they are all explained in the following chapters note in all the examples of this section we will use this date and time as an example april 6th, 1968 at 18 25 32 (or 6 25 32 pm) and 678 milliseconds the iso 8601 string representation of this date/time is 1968 04 06t18 25 32 678 static constants servicely comes with a static global datetime object and a set of constants that can be used to make the source code more readable true left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left 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type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type available functions true left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left 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type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type \<litteral number> year(s) | month(s) | day(s) | hour(s) | minute(s) | second(s) ago in a few seconds a few seconds ago depending on whether the current time is before or after the datetime object the string patterns above are in english but note that they are localised; therefore you will obtain a different string if you have changed the language with | \| truncating times | | | \| truncatehours() | datetime | returns a datetime with the hours, minutes, seconds, and milliseconds components zeroed out | \| truncateminutes() | datetime | returns a datetime with the minutes, seconds, and milliseconds components zeroed out | \| truncateseconds() | datetime | returns a datetime with the seconds and milliseconds components zeroed out | \| truncatemillis() | datetime | returns a datetime with the milliseconds component zeroed out | \| tostartofday() | datetime | returns a datetime with the time component set to 00 00 00 0 | \| toendofday() | datetime | returns a datetime with the time component set to 23 59 59 999 | if you don’t see the datetime you need, we have other less used api options found docid\ vdcgsj1tcie1hzhxvrh4b about the time zone when dealing with dates and times, it is very important to always consider what time zone we work in by default, datetime parses and displays in local time, that is the time of the system servicely runs on we can use function to change the time zone we work against datetime() withzone('europe/paris'); we use the http //en wikipedia org/wiki/tz database naming convention which is in the form of "area/location", e g "america/new york" punctuation is omitted and the underscore character is used in place of spaces hyphens are used where they appear in the name of a location the list of the currently supported time zones can be found it is vital for the datetime object to always work with the proper time zone besides indicating the time difference, the time zone also has important properties like daylight savings not setting the correct time zone may result in improper date conversions and calculations getting current date and time to get the current date and time, just create a new datetime() with no parameters var now = datetime(); getting a specific date and time to obtain a datetime object set with a date time of your choice, pass an array of the date/time elements to the constructor var d = datetime( \[ 1968, datetime april, 6, 18, 25, 32, 678 ] ); the above returns a datetime object set to november 27th, 1968 with time 18 25 32 and 678 milliseconds the structure of the array is \[ year, month, day, hour, minute, second, millisecond ] where year and month are mandatory any other elements will be defaulted by the constructor should they be missing the day will be defaulted to 1 and all the time elements will be defaulted to 0 another way of initializing a date/time object is to use a combination of withdate() and withtime() functions setting the a datetime object to the same value than above would be achieved by this construct var d = datetime() withdate(1968, datetime april, 6) withtime(18, 25, 32, 678); finally, we can go one level down and call each specific modifier function for each element of the date/time this (very unlikely) construct would be like this var d = datetime() withyear(1968) withmonthofyear(datetime april) withdayofmonth(6) withhourofday(18) withminuteofhour(25) withsecondsofminute(32) withmillisofsecond(678); formatting the date and time output a datetime object can be printed in any desired format by using the format() function it takes a formatter string made of tokens and replaces them with their corresponding values the table below lists the available tokens true left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left 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type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type note that using format() with no formatter will return the iso format string, without the milliseconds datetime() format(); 2013 11 20t10 14 46+10 00 pre built formatters datetime comes with prebuilt formatters, summarised in the table below true left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type localising datetime output any output will be localised, assuming the proper language has been set by using the function for example datetime( \[ 1968, datetime april, 6, 18, 25, 32, 678 ] ) format('llll'); sat, apr 6 1968 6 25 pm whereas datetime( \[ 1968, datetime april, 6, 18, 25, 32, 678 ] ) withlang('fr') format('llll'); sam 6 avr 1968 18 25 the following tokens and formatters are impacted by the localisation all prebuilt formatters mo, mmm, mmmm do, dddo do, ddd, dddd wo escaping substrings any substrings in the formatter can be escaped by using square brackets, for example datetime( \[ 1968, datetime april, 6, 18, 25, 32, 678 ] ) format('lll\[ was a ]dddd\[ and was the ]dddo\[day of the year ]'); april 6 1968 6 25 pm was a saturday and was the 97th day of the year durations servicely uses iso 8601 format for representing durations it is a string made of a series of value/capital letter pairs the capital letter designates the date and time element, using this convention p\[n]y\[n]m\[n]dt\[n]h\[n]m\[n]s where n represents the value for each of the date and time elements p is the duration designator always placed at the start of the string, even there are no date elements in the duration; y represents the years; m represents the months; w represents the weeks; d represents the days; t represents the time designator that precedes the time components of the representation the time designator is present only if the duration has time elements in it; h represents the hours; m represents the minutes; s represents the seconds milliseconds are also represented using the "s" letter but with a decimal value for example 400 milliseconds will be displayed using this notation pt0 400s examples "p3y6m4dt12h30m5s" represents three years, six months, four days, twelve hours, thirty minutes, and five seconds "p6dt40s" represents six days and 40 seconds "p1m" represents one month "pt1m" represents one minute getting a brand new duration a new duration can easily be created by instantiating a new period object and using one of the withxxx() methods note that those function can be chained to build the exact wanted duration var p = period() withdays(5) withhours(10) withminutes(25) withseconds(40) withmillis(350); log info(p tostring()); this will display p5dt10h25m40 350s getting a duration from two date time's an easy way of initializing a new duration is to take dates (possibly with time) and get the difference in a period format var now = datetime(); var earlier = datetime() withdate(2020, 1, 1) withtime(15,30,0); var duration = duration(earlier, now); var period = period(duration); period; would return something like that (depending on which day is today) p6y1m1w6dt13h59m26 849s available functions true left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type the periodcalculator object the leavecalculator object addendum list of supported languages true left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type left unhandled content type list of time zones africa/abidjan greenwich mean time africa/accra ghana mean time africa/addis ababa eastern african time africa/algiers central european time africa/asmara eastern african time africa/asmera eastern african time africa/bamako greenwich mean time africa/bangui western african time africa/banjul greenwich mean time africa/bissau greenwich mean time africa/blantyre central african time africa/brazzaville western african time africa/bujumbura central african time africa/cairo eastern european time africa/casablanca western european time africa/ceuta central european time africa/conakry greenwich mean time africa/dakar greenwich mean time africa/dar es salaam eastern african time africa/djibouti eastern african time africa/douala western african time africa/el aaiun western european time africa/freetown greenwich mean time africa/gaborone central african time africa/harare central african time africa/johannesburg south africa standard time africa/kampala eastern african time africa/khartoum eastern african time africa/kigali central african time africa/kinshasa western african time africa/lagos western african time africa/libreville western african time africa/lome greenwich mean time africa/luanda western african time africa/lubumbashi central african time africa/lusaka central african time africa/malabo western african time africa/maputo central african time africa/maseru south africa standard time africa/mbabane south africa standard time africa/mogadishu eastern african time africa/monrovia greenwich mean time africa/nairobi eastern african time africa/ndjamena western african time africa/niamey western african time africa/nouakchott greenwich mean time africa/ouagadougou greenwich mean time africa/porto novo western african time africa/sao tome greenwich mean time africa/timbuktu greenwich mean time africa/tripoli eastern european time africa/tunis central european time africa/windhoek western african time america/adak hawaii aleutian standard time america/anchorage alaska standard time america/anguilla atlantic standard time america/antigua atlantic standard time america/araguaina brasilia time america/argentina/buenos aires argentine time america/argentina/catamarca argentine time america/argentina/comodrivadavia argentine time america/argentina/cordoba argentine time america/argentina/jujuy argentine time america/argentina/la rioja argentine time america/argentina/mendoza argentine time america/argentina/rio gallegos argentine time america/argentina/salta argentine time america/argentina/san juan argentine time america/argentina/san luis argentine time america/argentina/tucuman argentine time america/argentina/ushuaia argentine time america/aruba atlantic standard time america/asuncion paraguay time america/atikokan eastern standard time america/atka hawaii aleutian standard time america/bahia brasilia time america/barbados atlantic standard time america/belem brasilia time america/belize central standard time america/blanc sablon atlantic standard time america/boa vista amazon time america/bogota colombia time america/boise mountain standard time america/buenos aires argentine time america/cambridge bay mountain standard time america/campo grande amazon time america/cancun central standard time america/caracas venezuela time america/catamarca argentine time america/cayenne french guiana time america/cayman eastern standard time america/chicago central standard time america/chihuahua mountain standard time america/coral harbour eastern standard time america/cordoba argentine time america/costa rica central standard time america/cuiaba amazon time america/curacao atlantic standard time america/danmarkshavn greenwich mean time america/dawson pacific standard time america/dawson creek mountain standard time america/denver mountain standard time america/detroit eastern standard time america/dominica atlantic standard time america/edmonton mountain standard time america/eirunepe amazon time america/el salvador central standard time america/ensenada pacific standard time america/fort wayne eastern standard time america/fortaleza brasilia time america/glace bay atlantic standard time america/godthab western greenland time america/goose bay atlantic standard time america/grand turk eastern standard time america/grenada atlantic standard time america/guadeloupe atlantic standard time america/guatemala central standard time america/guayaquil ecuador time america/guyana guyana time america/halifax atlantic standard time america/havana cuba standard time america/hermosillo mountain standard time america/indiana/indianapolis eastern standard time america/indiana/knox central standard time america/indiana/marengo eastern standard time america/indiana/petersburg eastern standard time america/indiana/tell city central standard time america/indiana/vevay eastern standard time america/indiana/vincennes eastern standard time america/indiana/winamac eastern standard time america/indianapolis eastern standard time america/inuvik mountain standard time america/iqaluit eastern standard time america/jamaica eastern standard time america/jujuy argentine time america/juneau alaska standard time america/kentucky/louisville eastern standard time america/kentucky/monticello eastern standard time america/knox in central standard time america/la paz bolivia time america/lima peru time america/los angeles pacific standard time america/louisville eastern standard time america/maceio brasilia time america/managua central standard time america/manaus amazon time america/marigot atlantic standard time america/martinique atlantic standard time america/mazatlan mountain standard time america/mendoza argentine time america/menominee central standard time america/merida central standard time america/mexico city central standard time america/miquelon pierre & miquelon standard time america/moncton atlantic standard time america/monterrey central standard time america/montevideo uruguay time america/montreal eastern standard time america/montserrat atlantic standard time america/nassau eastern standard time america/new york eastern standard time america/nipigon eastern standard time america/nome alaska standard time america/noronha fernando de noronha time america/north dakota/center central standard time america/north dakota/new salem central standard time america/panama eastern standard time america/pangnirtung eastern standard time america/paramaribo suriname time america/phoenix mountain standard time america/port au prince eastern standard time america/port of spain atlantic standard time america/porto acre amazon time america/porto velho amazon time america/puerto rico atlantic standard time america/rainy river central standard time america/rankin inlet central standard time america/recife brasilia time america/regina central standard time america/resolute eastern standard time america/rio branco amazon time america/rosario argentine time america/santarem brasilia time america/santiago chile time america/santo domingo atlantic standard time america/sao paulo brasilia time america/scoresbysund eastern greenland time america/shiprock mountain standard time america/st barthelemy atlantic standard time america/st johns newfoundland standard time america/st kitts atlantic standard time america/st lucia atlantic standard time america/st thomas atlantic standard time america/st vincent atlantic standard time america/swift current central standard time america/tegucigalpa central standard time america/thule atlantic standard time america/thunder bay eastern standard time america/tijuana pacific standard time america/toronto eastern standard time america/tortola atlantic standard time america/vancouver pacific standard time america/virgin atlantic standard time america/whitehorse pacific standard time america/winnipeg central standard time america/yakutat alaska standard time america/yellowknife mountain standard time asia/aden arabia standard time asia/almaty alma ata time asia/amman eastern european time asia/anadyr anadyr time asia/aqtau aqtau time asia/aqtobe aqtobe time asia/ashgabat turkmenistan time asia/ashkhabad turkmenistan time asia/baghdad arabia standard time asia/bahrain arabia standard time asia/baku azerbaijan time asia/bangkok indochina time asia/beirut eastern european time asia/bishkek kirgizstan time asia/brunei brunei time asia/calcutta india standard time asia/choibalsan choibalsan time asia/chongqing china standard time asia/chungking china standard time asia/colombo india standard time asia/dacca bangladesh time asia/damascus eastern european time asia/dhaka bangladesh time asia/dili timor leste time asia/dubai gulf standard time asia/dushanbe tajikistan time asia/gaza eastern european time asia/harbin china standard time asia/ho chi minh indochina time asia/hong kong hong kong time asia/hovd hovd time asia/irkutsk irkutsk time asia/istanbul eastern european time asia/jakarta west indonesia time asia/jayapura east indonesia time asia/jerusalem israel standard time asia/kabul afghanistan 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australia/south central standard time (south australia) australia/sydney eastern standard time (new south wales) australia/tasmania eastern standard time (tasmania) australia/victoria eastern standard time (victoria) australia/west western standard time (australia) australia/yancowinna central standard time (south australia/new south wales) europe/amsterdam central european time europe/andorra central european time europe/athens eastern european time europe/belfast greenwich mean time europe/belgrade central european time europe/berlin central european time europe/bratislava central european time europe/brussels central european time europe/bucharest eastern european time europe/budapest central european time europe/chisinau eastern european time europe/copenhagen central european time europe/dublin greenwich mean time europe/gibraltar central european time europe/guernsey greenwich mean time europe/helsinki eastern european time europe/isle of man greenwich mean time europe/istanbul 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gilbert is time pacific/tongatapu tonga time pacific/truk truk time pacific/wake wake time pacific/wallis wallis & futuna time pacific/yap truk time